Manifestasyon ki pi enpòtan nan kontwòl sa a se dwa legal E/C a pou chwazi doktè otorize pou trete moun ki fè reklamasyon an. An pratik, dinamik sa a souvan lakòz opinyon medikal ki aliyen ak enterè E/C a, souvan nan detriman travayè blese a. Piske doktè sa yo depann sou referans konpayi asirans pou yon gwo pòsyon nan pratik yo, opinyon yo ka—konsyaman oswa otreman—reflete reyalite ekonomik sa a.

Sepandan, nan kèk okazyon limite, doktè ijans lan pèdi kontwòl swen medikal la tanporèman. Senaryo ki pi komen an rive lè moun k ap fè reklamasyon an sibi blesi grav ki mande entène lopital ak operasyon dijans. Nan ka sa yo, chirijyen k ap bay tretman an—sitou yon moun ki gen yon pratik prive—souvan kontinye kòm doktè prensipal la apre moun k ap fè reklamasyon an kite lopital la. Pandan ke doktè sa a pa chwazi pa doktè moun k ap fè reklamasyon an, doktè moun k ap fè reklamasyon an pa chwazi non plis. Malgre sa, kontwòl inisyal doktè ijans lan sou seleksyon doktè a deranje.

Seksyon 440.13(2)(c) nan Lwa Florid yo bay E/C a yon “peryòd tan rezonab” pou bay premye tretman ak swen medikal. Si E/C a pa fè sa, moun k ap fè reklamasyon an “ka jwenn premye tretman sa a sou kont anplwayè a”. Menm lè sa a, sepandan, lwa a pèmèt E/C a reprann kontwòl swen medikal la pita.

Prensip sa a te ilistre nan ka Carmack kont Eta Florid, Depatman Agrikilti, 31 So. 3d 798 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009). La, moun ki te fè reklamasyon an te soufri yon aksidan ki ka resevwa konpansasyon, men Tribinal E/C a te refize otorize tretman sikyatrik ki soti nan blesi fizik nan janm ak nan do moun ki te fè reklamasyon an. Moun ki te fè reklamasyon an te chèche tretman ak yon sikyat poukont li epi li te depoze yon Petisyon pou Benefis pou mande otorizasyon swen nan tan lontan ak nan lavni ak doktè sa a. Jij Reklamasyon Konpansasyon an te bay lòd pou Tribinal E/C a peye pou tretman an jiska dat dènye odyans lan, men li te refize otorize swen kontinyèl ak sikyat moun ki te fè reklamasyon an te chwazi a. Okontrè, yo te pèmèt Tribinal E/C a chwazi yon lòt sikyat. Tribinal Apèl Premye Distri a te konfime sa, sa ki te ranfòse kapasite Tribinal E/C a pou reprann kontwòl sou swen medikal la menm apre yon premye echèk pou otorize tretman.

Seksyon 440.13(2)(f) nan Lwa Florid yo bay sa ki souvan sèl opòtinite enpòtan pou yon moun k ap fè reklamasyon chwazi yon doktè ki pral rete otorize pou lavni. Sepandan, opòtinite sa a rive sèlman lè E/C a komèt yon erè legal. Pati ki enpòtan nan lwa a bay:

Sou demann alekri anplwaye a, konpayi asirans lan dwe bay anplwaye a opòtinite pou chanje doktè yon fwa pandan tretman an pou nenpòt aksidan… Konpayi asirans lan dwe otorize yon lòt doktè ki pa dwe afilye pwofesyonèlman ak ansyen doktè a nan lespas 5 jou apre li fin resevwa demann lan. Si konpayi asirans lan pa bay yon chanjman doktè jan anplwaye a mande a, anplwaye a ka chwazi doktè a epi doktè sa a dwe konsidere kòm otorize si tretman y ap bay la konpanse epi li nesesè medikalman.

Nan ka Zekanovic kont American II, Corp., 208 So. 3d 851 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017), Distri a pa t reponn nan senk jou a demann alekri moun ki te fè reklamasyon an pou yon chanjman doktè yon sèl fwa anba seksyon 440.13(2)(f). Moun ki te fè reklamasyon an te depoze yon Petisyon pou Benefis apre sa pou mande otorizasyon yon doktè espesifik kòm chanjman yon sèl fwa li. Malgre ke JCC a te jwenn ke moun ki te fè reklamasyon an te gen dwa pou chanjman yon sèl fwa a, JCC a te konkli ke paske moun ki te fè reklamasyon an pa t ko jwenn tretman ak doktè li te mande a anvan yo te pase lòd la, Distri a te kenbe dwa pou chwazi doktè ranplasman an. Nan apèl la, Premye Distri a te ranvèse desizyon an, li te deside ke echèk Distri a pou reponn alè te fè li pèdi dwa li pou chwazi doktè a, epi ke moun ki te fè reklamasyon an te gen dwa pou trete ak doktè li te chwazi a.

Nan pratik nou an, nou regilyèman mande chanjman doktè yon sèl fwa. Etandone konsekans enpòtan yon repons ki pa alè—anpalan de pèt kontwòl medikal—E/C a prèske toujou konfòme li nan senk jou legal la epi li kenbe dwa pou chwazi doktè ranplasman an. Ka kote E/C a pa reponn alè yo ra anpil. Sepandan, nan ka sa a, yon echèk konsa te rive. Li enpòtan pou note ke neglijans lan sanble akòz avoka opozan an olye ke ajistè a. Nan enterè pwofesyonalis, nou te ofri pou travay an kolaborasyon ak avoka a pou idantifye yon lòt doktè ki akseptab pou tou de pati yo. Diskisyon sa yo jiskaprezan pa reyisi, paske nou pa vle dakò ak youn nan doktè karyè yo chwazi regilyèman. Antretan, moun ki fè reklamasyon an pwograme pou trete ak doktè li te chwazi a pita nan mwa sa a. Avoka opozan an konprann ke si pa gen yon akò sou yon lòt doktè anvan randevou sa a, E/C a ap oblije otorize tretman ak doktè moun ki fè reklamasyon an chwazi a dapre seksyon 440.13(2)(f).

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Kontakte nou nan 305-758-4900 oubyen pa imèl pou w konnen dwa legal ou yo.

Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. se yon kabinè avoka ki baze nan Sid Florid ki angaje nan sistèm jidisyè a epi pou reprezante epi jwenn jistis pou moun – pòv yo, moun ki blese yo, moun ki bliye yo, moun ki pa gen vwa yo, moun ki san defans yo ak moun ki kondane yo, epi pou pwoteje dwa moun sa yo kont opresyon kòporasyon ak gouvènman an. Nou pa reprezante gouvènman, kòporasyon oswa gwo enterè biznis yo.

Pandan ke rezolisyon rapid nan pwoblèm legal ou a se objektif nou, apwòch nou an fondamantalman diferan. Kliyan nou yo se “moun” epi yo pa “ka” oswa “dosye”. Nou pran tan pou nou bati yon relasyon ak kliyan nou yo, nou reyalize ke se sèlman atravè yon entèraksyon ki gen sans nou ka pi byen sèvi bezwen yo. Nan fason sa a, nou te kapab pi byen ede moun ki bezwen reprezantasyon legal.

AVÈTISMAN: Enfòmasyon sa a ki bay pa Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. se pou rezon enfòmasyon sèlman epi li fèt pou itilize kòm yon gid ki pa legal anvan konsiltasyon ak yon avoka ki abitye ak sitiyasyon legal espesifik ou a. Li pa ta dwe konsidere kòm konsèy legal oswa konsèy. Pa gen okenn entansyon pou bay konsèy legal oswa konsèy sa yo, ni eksplisitman ni enplisitman. Enfòmasyon sa a pa ranplase konsèy oswa konsèy yon avoka. Si ou bezwen konsèy legal, ou ta dwe chèche sèvis yon avoka.

The most significant manifestation of this control is the E/C’s statutory right to select the claimant’s authorized treating physicians. In practice, this dynamic frequently results in medical opinions that align with the interests of the E/C, often to the detriment of the injured worker. Because these physicians depend upon carrier referrals for a substantial portion of their practices, their opinions may—consciously or otherwise—reflect that economic reality.

On limited occasions, however, the E/C temporarily loses control of the medical care. The most common scenario arises when the claimant sustains severe injuries requiring emergency hospitalization and surgery. In such cases, the treating surgeon—particularly one who maintains a private practice—often continues as the primary physician following the claimant’s discharge from the hospital. While this physician is not selected by the E/C, neither is the physician chosen by the claimant. Nonetheless, the E/C’s initial control over physician selection is disrupted.

Section 440.13(2)(c), Florida Statutes, provides the E/C with a “reasonable time period” to furnish initial medical treatment and care. If the E/C fails to do so, the claimant “may obtain such initial treatment at the expense of the employer.” Even then, however, the statute allows the E/C to later regain control of the medical care.

This principle was illustrated in Carmack v. State of Florida, Department of Agriculture, 31 So. 3d 798 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009). There, the claimant suffered a compensable accident but the E/C refused to authorize psychiatric treatment arising from physical injuries to the claimant’s leg and back. The claimant independently sought treatment with a psychiatrist and filed a Petition for Benefits seeking authorization of both past and future care with that physician. The Judge of Compensation Claims ordered the E/C to pay for treatment through the date of the final hearing, but declined to authorize ongoing care with the claimant’s chosen psychiatrist. Instead, the E/C was permitted to select a different psychiatrist. The First District Court of Appeal affirmed, reinforcing the E/C’s ability to reassert control over the medical care even after an initial failure to authorize treatment.

Section 440.13(2)(f), Florida Statutes, provides what is often the only meaningful opportunity for a claimant to select a physician who will remain authorized prospectively. That opportunity, however, arises only when the E/C commits a statutory misstep. The relevant portion of the statute provides:

“Upon the written request of the employee, the carrier shall give the employee the opportunity for one change of physician during the course of treatment for any one accident…. The carrier shall authorize an alternative physician who shall not be professionally affiliated with the previous physician within 5 days after receipt of the request. If the carrier fails to provide a change of physician as requested by the employee, the employee may select the physician and such physician shall be considered authorized if the treatment being provided is compensable and medically necessary.”

In Zekanovic v. American II, Corp., 208 So. 3d 851 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017), the E/C failed to respond within five days to the claimant’s written request for a one-time change of physician under section 440.13(2)(f). The claimant subsequently filed a Petition for Benefits seeking authorization of a specific physician as his one-time change. Although the JCC found that the claimant was entitled to the one-time change, the JCC concluded that because the claimant had not yet obtained treatment with the requested physician prior to the entry of the order, the E/C retained the right to select the replacement physician. On appeal, the First District reversed, holding that the E/C’s failure to timely respond forfeited its right to select the physician, and that the claimant was entitled to treat with the physician he selected.

In our practice, we routinely request one-time changes of physician. Given the significant consequence of a failure to timely respond—namely, forfeiture of medical control—the E/C almost always complies within the statutory five-day window and retains the right to select the replacement physician. Instances in which the E/C fails to timely respond are exceedingly rare.

In this case, however, such a failure occurred. Notably, the oversight appears attributable to opposing counsel rather than the adjuster. In the interest of professionalism, we offered to work collaboratively with counsel to identify an alternative physician acceptable to both parties. Those discussions have thus far been unsuccessful, as we are unwilling to agree to one of the routinely selected carrier physicians. In the interim, the claimant is scheduled to treat with the physician she selected later this month. Opposing counsel understands that absent an agreement on an alternative physician before that appointment, the E/C will be obligated to authorize treatment with the claimant’s chosen doctor pursuant to section 440.13(2)(f).

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Contact us at 305-758-4900 or by email to learn your legal rights.

Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. is a South Florida based law firm committed to the judicial system and to representing and obtaining justice for individuals – the poor, the injured, the forgotten, the voiceless, the defenseless and the damned, and to protecting the rights of such people from corporate and government oppression. We do not represent government, corporations or large business interests.

While prompt resolution of your legal matter is our goal, our approach is fundamentally different. Our clients are “people” and not “cases” or “files.” We take the time to build a relationship with our clients, realizing that only through meaningful interaction can we best serve their needs. In this manner, we have been able to best help those requiring legal representation.

DISCLAIMER: This information provided by Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. is for informational purposes only and is intended to be used as a non-legal guide prior to consultation with an attorney familiar with your specific legal situation. It should not be considered legal advice or counseling. No such legal advice or counseling is either expressly or impliedly intended. This information is not a substitute for the advice or counsel of an attorney. If you require legal advice, you should seek the services of an attorney.

Control impacts the nature and quality of medical care received, the receipt of indemnity (money) benefits, and settlement value. Doctors selected by E/C tend to render opinions favoring E/C. Injured workers have limited ability to wrest control of their care from E/C.

440.13(2)(f) lets injured workers ask E/C to authorize another treating doctor. Barring exceptional circumstances, the request can only be made one time in each case. E/C has five days from receipt of the request to select another doctor of its choosing or lose the right. If the selection is not made within the five days, the injured worker, also known as the claimant, gets to select the doctor. This doctor then becomes authorized. This is a big deal.

Neither the statute nor case law are fully clear on the proper procedure for making the request. The statute reads that “Upon the written request of the employee, the carrier shall give the employee the opportunity for one change of physician during the course of treatment for any one accident,” so we know the request must be in writing. Case law even tells us that the writing can take many forms — Andrews v McKim, 355 So.3d 957, 962 (Fla. 1^st DCA 2023):

• Email. Bustamante v. Amber Construction Company, 118 So.3d 921 (Fla. 1^st DCA 2013)
• Grievance form. Harrell v. Citrus County School Board, 25 So.3d 675 (Fla. 1^st DCA 2010)
• Petition for Benefits. HMSHost Corporation/Gallagher Bassett Services, Inc., v. Frederic, 102 So.3d 668 (Fla. 1^st DCA 2012)
• Telefax. Zekanovic v. American II, Corp., 208 So.3d 851 (Fla. 1^st DCA 2017)

What’s unclear is to whom the request can or must be sent. The main choices are the insurance adjuster and the carrier’s attorney.

Florida Bar Rule 4-4.2(a) provides as follows:

In representing a client, a lawyer must not communicate about the subject of the representation with a person the lawyer knows to be represented by another lawyer in the matter, unless the lawyer has the consent of the other lawyer. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, a lawyer may, without such prior consent, communicate with another’s client to meet the requirements of any court rule, statute or contract requiring notice or service of process directly on a person, in which event the communication is strictly
restricted to that required by the court rule, statute or contract, and a copy must be provided to the person’s lawyer.

In my view, this Rule blocks lawyers from sending the 1x change request to the adjuster of a represented carrier. While the statute requires a written request, it does not mandate that the request be sent to the adjuster. Therefore, notice upon the lawyer should satisfy the statute.

Rule 60Q-6.104 of the Rules of Procedure for Workers’ Compensation Proceedings, instructs attorneys on making their email addresses known. In addition to the lawyer’s email, the list may include assistants’ emails and one specifically for pleadings. To avoid challenges regarding the effectiveness of an emailed 1x change request, the safest route is to send the request to all of the emails listed by the attorney. Moreover, to be doubly safe, the subject line should begin with the words “SERVICE OF OJCC DOCUMENT” in all capital letters followed by the name of the injured worker, employer, and OJCC number, to comply with Rule 60Q-6.108(2)(f), and should include language making it explicitly clear that a 1x change is being requested to avoid any implication of trying to sneak the request past the carrier. See Gonzalez v. Quinco Elec. Inc., 171 So.3d 153 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015).

Given the importance of controlling the medical, most E/C lawyers and their staff are on full alert for 1x change requests. Rarely do they drop the ball by failing to respond within five days. In a request we made last week, emailed to the lawyer and his assistant, the lawyer responded within three hours of the request with the name of another doctor and appointment information.

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Contact us at 305-758-4900 or by email (jgale@jeffgalelaw.com and kgale@jeffgalelaw.com) to learn your legal rights.

Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. is a South Florida based law firm committed to the judicial system and to representing and obtaining justice for individuals – the poor, the injured, the forgotten, the voiceless, the defenseless and the damned, and to protecting the rights of such people from corporate and government oppression. We do not represent government, corporations or large business interests.

While prompt resolution of your legal matter is our goal, our approach is fundamentally different. Our clients are “people” and not “cases” or “files.” We take the time to build a relationship with our clients, realizing that only through meaningful interaction can we best serve their needs. In this manner, we have been able to best help those requiring legal representation.

DISCLAIMER: This information provided by Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. is for informational purposes only and is intended to be used as a non-legal guide prior to consultation with an attorney familiar with your specific legal situation. It should not be considered legal advice or counseling. No such legal advice or counseling is either expressly or impliedly intended. This information is not a substitute for the advice or counsel of an attorney. If you require legal advice, you should seek the services of an attorney.

The most dominant aspect of this control is the right to select the injured worker’s treating doctors. Unfortunately, most of these doctors suffer from the incurable “Don’t Bite the Hand that Feeds You” disease. All too frequently, the opinions expressed by these doctors benefit the E/C to the detriment of the Claimant.

On rare occasions, E/C loses control of the medical. The most frequent situation is where the worker has suffered substantial injuries requiring emergency surgery in the hospital. The natural sequence is that the surgeon, especially if he or she maintains a private practice, will remain the primary physician after the patient is discharged from the hospital. While this doctor is not hand-picked by E/C, he or she is also not hand-picked by the Claimant.

440.13(2)(c) gives E/C a “reasonable time period” to provide initial medical treatment and care. If E/C fails to provide the initial treatment and care, Claimant “may obtain such initial treatment at the expense of the employer.” Even still, E/C can regain control of the medical under this provision. In Carmack v. Department of Agriculture, 31 So.3d 798 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009), Claimant suffered a compensable accident, but E/C refused to authorize medical care for psychiatric issues arising from leg and back injuries. Claimant sought care with a psychiatrist and filed a Petition for Benefits seeking authorization of past and future care with the psychiatrist. The Judge of Compensation Claims (JCC) ordered E/C to pay for treatment through the date of the final hearing (workers’ compensation trial), but not for continuing treatment with the particular doctor. Instead, E/C was able to choose another psychiatrist. The JCC’s ruling was upheld on appeal.

440.13(2)(f) may be the only true opportunity for the Claimant to select a doctor who will remain authorized in the future. Unfortunately, it takes a mistake by E/C for the opportunity to arise. The pertinent parts of this section read as follows:

Upon the written request of the employee, the carrier shall give the employee the opportunity for one change of physician during the course of treatment for any one accident…. The carrier shall authorize an alternative physician who shall not be professionally affiliated with the previous physician within 5 days after receipt of the request. If the carrier fails to provide a change of physician as requested by the employee, the employee may select the physician and such physician shall be considered authorized if the treatment being provided is compensable and medically necessary.

In Zekanovic v. American II, Corp., 208 So.3d 851 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017), E/C failed to respond within five days to Claimant’s request under 440.13(2)(f) for a one-time change of physician. Claimant then filed a petition for benefits requesting authorization of a particular doctor as his one-time change. The JCC found that Claimant was entitled to his one-time change, but because Claimant had not actually obtained treatment with the physician of his choice prior to the entry of his ruling, the JCC found that E/C retained the right to choose Claimant’s one-time change. Claimant appealed and the First District Court of Appeal reversed the JCC’s ruling.

We request a one-time change of physician in many of our workers’ compensation cases. Knowing the consequence of failing to respond timely — losing control! — E/C rarely fails to respond timely. When it responds timely, it gets to select the one-time change doctor. I can count on the fingers of one hand the number of times E/C has failed to respond timely. Coincidentally, one of those times happened just recently. Interestingly, because the oversight was by a friendly lawyer rather than the disagreeable adjuster in the case, I have offered to work with the lawyer to select an alternative both of us can agree on. However, because I won’t agree to one of the usual suspects, we may not reach an agreement. In the meantime, my client is scheduled to see the doctor we helped her select at the end of the month. Opposing counsel understands that if we can’t agree on another doctor by then, E/C will have to authorize our doctor.

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Contact us at 305-758-4900 or by email (jgale@jeffgalelaw.com and kgale@jeffgalelaw.com) to learn your legal rights.

Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. is a South Florida based law firm committed to the judicial system and to representing and obtaining justice for individuals – the poor, the injured, the forgotten, the voiceless, the defenseless and the damned, and to protecting the rights of such people from corporate and government oppression. We do not represent government, corporations or large business interests.

While prompt resolution of your legal matter is our goal, our approach is fundamentally different. Our clients are “people” and not “cases” or “files.” We take the time to build a relationship with our clients, realizing that only through meaningful interaction can we best serve their needs. In this manner, we have been able to best help those requiring legal representation.

DISCLAIMER: This information provided by Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. is for informational purposes only and is intended to be used as a non-legal guide prior to consultation with an attorney familiar with your specific legal situation. It should not be considered legal advice or counseling. No such legal advice or counseling is either expressly or impliedly intended. This information is not a substitute for the advice or counsel of an attorney. If you require legal advice, you should seek the services of an attorney.