Articles Posted in Civil Litigation

Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Fundamentals Matter — Proximate Cause
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

In every negligence action for personal injury or wrongful death, the plaintiff must establish three core elements: (1) a duty owed by the defendant; (2) a breach of that duty; and (3) that the breach proximately caused the claimed damages. While duty and breach often dominate attention, proximate cause is the element that connects wrongdoing…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Election of Remedies in Florida: The Point of No Return
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

Some legal wrongs give the aggrieved party more than one avenue of redress. A common example arises when an injured person must choose between pursuing a remedy under common law or seeking benefits under Florida’s Workers’ Compensation Law, Chapter 440, Florida Statutes. However, once a path is chosen and pursued past a certain threshold, the…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Mental and Nervous Injuries Under Florida Law: The Impact Rule and Workers’ Compensation
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

Florida’s liability and workers’ compensation systems take a cautious approach when it comes to awarding benefits for mental and emotional injuries. This caution stems from a fundamental public policy concern: without clear limits, allowing recovery for purely emotional harm could lead to a flood of speculative or fabricated claims. As the Florida Supreme Court explained…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Understanding Florida’s Rear-End Collision Presumption
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

In 1958, Florida joined a small number of states in adopting a legal presumption of negligence against trailing drivers involved in rear-end motor vehicle collisions. This shift was established in McNulty v. Cusack, 104 So.2d 785 (Fla. 2d DCA 1958), and later endorsed by the Florida Supreme Court in Bellere v. Madsen, 114 So.2d 619…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. // Florida’s “Free Kill” Law: A Legal Loophole That Still Denies Grieving Families Justice
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

Since 1990, Florida has enforced a statute commonly referred to as the “Free Kill” law. Codified at Section 768.21(8) of the Florida Wrongful Death Act, this provision creates a glaring exception in an otherwise remedial framework intended to support grieving families. The legislative intent behind the Wrongful Death Act, as stated in Section 768.17, is…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. /// Reimbursement Rights of Health and Disability Insurers in Florida Personal Injury Cases
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

It is common for health and disability (lost wages) insurance carriers to pay benefits to their insureds who are injured due to someone else’s negligence. Many of these policies include reimbursement provisions allowing the insurer to recover payments from any personal injury settlement or judgment obtained by the insured. How Much Must Be Repaid? The…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. /// Uber Drivers and Passengers, Beware!
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

Much has been written about the type of insurance coverage available to Uber passengers and other third parties for accidents caused by Uber drivers. Less has been written about the coverage available to Uber drivers and their passengers for injuries caused by third parties such as other drivers. Currently, we are handling a case for…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. /// Premises Liability: Landlord’s Post-possession Duty to Repair Dangerous Defective Conditions
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

Our law firm receives a steady stream of inquiries from tenants, mostly residential, regarding dangerous conditions inside of their units. If someone has been injured, we ask if the landlord or maintenance company had notice of the dangerous condition in advance of the incident. If nobody has yet been injured, we instruct the callers to…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. /// Practice Pointer: Keep Your Eye On the Ball
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

Everyone is familiar with the idiom, “Keep your eye on the ball.” What it means, quite simply, is to keep one’s attention focused on the matter at hand. Lawyers must remember this during intense situations. Last week we experienced just such an intense situation. In a case involving severe personal injuries sustained by our client,…

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Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A. /// Don’t Underestimate the Potency of Florida Workers’ Compensation Statute 440.39
Jeffrey P. Gale, P.A.

It is not uncommon for a personal injury case and a workers’ compensation case to arise out of the same accident. This is often the case when an employee is hurt in the course and scope of his job through the negligence of a third-party. Our law firm handles both types of cases. Florida Statute…

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